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What Is Internet Fraud?

As online shopping, social media, and digital services continue to grow, cybercrime has become increasingly common. Internet fraud occurs when an individual deceives another person through online platforms, websites, social media, messaging applications, or electronic payment systems in order to obtain money or property unlawfully.

Under Iranian law, internet fraud is punishable under both the Islamic Penal Code and the Computer Crimes Act.

Common Examples of Internet Fraud

Typical forms of internet fraud include:

• Fake online stores
• Social media shopping scams
• Phishing attacks
• Fake payment gateways
• Identity theft
• Receiving payment without delivering goods
• Unauthorized access to bank accounts

Legal Penalties

If convicted, the offender may face:

• Imprisonment
• Monetary fines
• Restitution of the victim's property
• Compensation for damages

The exact punishment depends on the facts of each case and the court's decision.

How to File a Complaint

Victims should take the following steps:

1. Preserve Evidence

Keep all relevant documents, including:

• Bank receipts
• Payment confirmations
• Screenshots
• Chat history
• Website links
• Transaction records

2. Register the Complaint

The complaint should be submitted through Iran's electronic judicial service offices. The case will then be referred to the competent judicial authority.

3. Follow Up with Cyber Police

Iran's Cyber Police (FATA Police) plays an important role in investigating digital evidence, identifying suspects, and assisting judicial authorities.

Can the Money Be Recovered?

If the offender is identified and the crime is proven, the court may order restitution of the victim's property in addition to imposing criminal penalties.

Prevention Tips

To reduce the risk of becoming a victim:

• Shop only from trusted websites.
• Never click suspicious payment links.
• Verify the seller's identity.
• Avoid entering banking information on unknown websites.
• Always use secure payment methods.

Conclusion

Internet fraud has become one of the most common cybercrimes. Knowing how these scams operate and acting quickly after an incident can significantly improve the chances of recovering losses and protecting your legal rights.