A Comprehensive Review of Property Law in Iran: Ownership, Limitations
reading time : 2 min
Property law in Iran is a cornerstone of the private legal system, governing rights and obligations over immovable assets such as land and buildings. Given the high economic value of real estate and its essential role in urban development, property law is central to both individual security and public planning.
Main Concepts
Property rights in Iran are grounded in civil law and Islamic jurisprudence. Key property rights include:
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Ownership: The most comprehensive form of control over property, including the rights to use, benefit from, and transfer it.
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Easement (Haq-e Ertefaq): Limited rights over another’s property, such as access or utility rights.
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Usufruct (Haq-e Entefa’): The right to benefit from a property without owning it, such as through lease or temporary use.
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Commercial Rights (Goodwill/Rent): Rights connected to business use of real estate, such as tenancy or goodwill.
Applicable Laws
Key legal frameworks include:
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Iranian Civil Code (Articles 20–958)
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Law of Registration of Deeds and Properties (1931)
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Tenancy Laws (1957, 1997, 2020)
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Urban Planning and Municipal Codes governing land use and construction.
Current Challenges
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Urban Development Conflicts: Property rights are often limited by public projects.
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Digital Transformation: National cadaster systems improve transparency but pose implementation issues.
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Legal Disputes: High volume of property-related lawsuits stems from informal transactions and poor legal awareness.
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Inflation and Valuation: Economic instability affects property valuations and contract enforcement.
Conclusion
Understanding property law is essential for protecting individual rights and ensuring legal certainty. Legal literacy, formal registration, and access to legal expertise can reduce disputes and enhance public trust in real estate transactions. Updating the legal system in response to modern challenges is critical for sustainable urban and economic development
Comments (3)
atusa says 07/12/2025 12:37
خیلی مفید بود
Arsha says 07/12/2025 12:38
great
atusa replied 07/12/2025 12:39
good